1ST BACHILLERATO VISIT

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http://www.world-english.org/test.htm

http://www.learn4good.com/languages/english_level.htm

http://www.english-online.org.uk/demon/demo.htm

http://www.examenglish.com/leveltest/index.php

http://www.languagelevel.com/english/

TENSES IN ENGLISH Units Starter, 1 &2

RESUMEN TIEMPOS VERBALES

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Afirmativa--Sujeto + Infinitivo sin to (3ª se le añade -s- o -es) I read my book

Negativa--Sujeto + don´t / doesn´t + infinitivo sin to I don´t read the book

Interrogativa--Do/Does + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to Do you read the book?

PRESENTE CONTINUO

Prsente simple de to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + To be + Verbo -ing I am playing football

Interrogativa—To be + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Am I playing football?

Negativa—Sujeto + To be + not + Verbo -ing I am not playing football

* Para hablar de algo que está pasando en el momento-- Wnat are you doing now?
* Para hablar de PLANES ya en marcha (+ expresión que indique FUTURO:later,tomorrow

PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE

Afirmativa—Sujeto + Have (has)+ Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) I have been in New York

Interrogativa—Have/has + Sujeto + Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) Have I been in New York?

Negativa—Sujeto + Haven´t/hasn´t + Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) I haven´t been in New York

* Para hablar de experiencies en la vida-- Have you ever visited Paris?
* Acciones pasadas RECIENTES o NOTICIA.
Adverbios—Yet, always, never, ever, just, already

1) Si para preguntar por el tiempo en que se realizó una acción es preciso utilizar el pasado simple, para preguntar sencillamente por la realización de una acción se usa el presente perfecto. Ejemplos: When did you go to London? (pasado simple) . Have you ever been to London? (presente perfecto).

2) con referencia a acciones realizadas recientemente en expresiones con just, adverbio que debe situarse entre el auxiliar y el participio. La expresión castellana equivalente se construye con acabar de. Ejemplo: I have just seen her --- Acabo de verla.

3) con referencia a acciones recientes o con expresiones que denotan un período de tiempo aún no acabado. Ejemplo: I have read that book recently . I have not read that book yet.

4) con referencia a acciones iniciadas en el pasado que siguen desarrollándose en el presente. En estos casos es frecuente el uso de las preposiciones for (si se trata de un período de tiempo) o since (si se menciona el momento concreto o la fecha exacta en que se comenzó la acción). Ejemplos: I have worked here for ten years. I have worked here since July.

PASADO SIMPLE

No se especifica el momento en el que ocurrio la accion. Se forma añadiendo -ed al infinitivo sin to. Cuando el verbo acaba en -e sólo se añade -d.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + Verbo (2ªcolumna o -ed-) + Comp—I bought flowers

Interrogativa—Did + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to + Comp—Did I buy flowers in the shop?

Negativa—Sujeto + didn´t + Verbo en infinitivo sin to

PASADO CONTINUO

Se forma con el pasado simple del auxiliar to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + was/were + Verbo -ing I was playing football

Interrogativa—Was/were + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Was I playing football?

Negativa—Sujeto + wasn´t/weren´t + Verbo -ing I wasn´t playing football

* Para hablar de algo estaba en curso en momento concreto del pasado--I was watching at 9.00

FUTURO SIMPLE

* Cuando se decide hacer algo en el momento de hablar
* Cuando algo va a ocurrir en un futuro lejano
* Con peticiones, con pronósticos, con promesas,invitaciones
* Cuando nos negamos a hacer algo
*Para ofrecerse—I will phone the police for you
* En lenguaje formal (en las noticias)—The president will open de new heliport tomorrow
* En los restaurantes—I´ll have roast-beef
* En las oraciones temporales y condicionales (1er orden.)—If you want, I´ll buy the CD

FUTURE PLANS

To be going to (ver también Pres Continuous with future meaning y el Fut. Continuous)

* Para expresar una intención—I´m going to fly Paris
* Para expresar una predicción de la que hay evidencias en el presente—It´s going to rain (It´s cloudy)
* Para expresar un rechazo—I´m not going to do it

Pasado Continuo

I/she/he/it was +verbo-ing

They/we/you were +verboi-ing

Uso

Describir una actividad que ocurría en un momento específico del pasado:

At 6 o'clock I was working in the garden

Describir una actividad interrumpida por una más corta:

They arrived while we were cooking

Describir dos actividades que ocurren en un mismo tiempo:

I was reading a book while my brother was listening to music

Present perfect (pretérito perfecto simple)

He/she/it has + verbo 3 columna

I/you/they/We + verbo 3 columna

Uso

Acciones del pasado que tienen importancia en el presente:

I have won the lottery .I have your mother in the supermarket

Con el adverbio just se expresan acciones que acaban de ocurrir:

We have just come back from London

Expresiones de periodo incomplete como: this morning, this week, this month, today:

We haven´t seen frank this morning

Con las preposiciones for y since: expresiones que empezó en el pasado y no ha acabado:

I have lived in Malaga for three year

Sara has studied Russian since 1999

Present perfect continuous (pretérito perfecto continuo)

I/you/we/they have + been + verbo-ing

He/she/it has + been + verbo-ing

Uso

Hablar de actividad que empezó en el pasado y que continúa en el presente, se resalta la duración de la actividad, se suele utilizar la preposición for o since.

We have been studying since 9 o'clock

Hablar de una actividad que empezó en el pasado y ha acabado recientemente:

You have been sleeping all morning

Past perfect (pretérito pluscuamperfecto)

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + had (´d) + verbo 3 columna + lo que sea

Uso

Para hablar de una acción pasada que ocurrió antes que otra (también en el pasado):

The train had already left when we arrived at the station.

1 orden 2 orden

Future simple

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will +verbo infinitive

Uso

Expresar predicciones del futuro:

It Hill be cloudy tomorrow morning

Hacer promesas:

I will write to you every day

Hacer un ofrecimiento:

A: I can't put the book on the top shelf

B: I will do it for you

En las oraciones condicionales del primer tipo:

If + present simple + futuro:

If it rains, I won't go

Tomar una decisión en el momento de hablar:

I think I will have a sandwich now

Future with going to

He/she/it is going to

I am going to

We/you/they are going to

Uso

Expresar intenciones:

I'm going to work harder (voy a estudiar más)

Hablar de un plan futuro:

A famous architect is going to build a new museum

Hacer predicciones futuras a partir de un hecho evidente en el presente:

Loot at those clouds. It's going to rain in a minute.

Future continuous

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will be + verbo-ing

Uso

Hablar de acciones que estarán en marcha en un momento determinado del futuro:

At this time next week I will de playing with my friends

Preguntar por los planes de los demás, cuando pedir un favor:

Will you be using the computer this afternoon?

Future perfect

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will have + verbos en tercera columna

Uso

Hablar de acciones que en un futuro estarán finalizadas (En un futuro va a ser pasado):

By next July, I will have passed all my exams

I will have painted the house by next week

ENGLISH LESSONS

VERBSTENSE REVISION CHART

Verb(to play)	Tense	Use	Example
I play	Present simplemore...	▪ Regular activities - routine - habits	▪ Anne and Sophie play tennis on Saturday afternoons.
I am playing	Present continuousmore...	▪ Continuous action now or at the present time.	▪ Anne and Sophie are playing at the moment.
I have played	Present Perfect Simple more...	▪ Finished part of a continuous action ▪ Completed actions in an unfinished period of time ▪ Recent events (no time mentioned) ▪ Past action with a result in the present. ▪ Experiences (no time mentioned)	▪ So far they have played two sets. ▪ They have played several other matches this month. ▪ Their parents have just arrived. ▪ Sophie has broken her racket so she's got to change it. ▪ They have played in many tournaments.
I have been playing	Present Perfect Continuous more...	▪ Actions begun in the past which continue today.	▪ They have been playing tennis since 2 pm.
I played	Past Simple more...	▪ Finished actions at a specific time in the past.	▪ Last Saturday Sophie played in another tournament.
I was playing	Past Continuousmore...	▪ Continuous actions at a specific time in the past.	▪ At 2.30 pm they were startingthe second set.
I had played	Past Perfect Simplemore...	▪ Actions before a specific time in the past.	▪ Before they arrived, two other people had played a match.
I had been playing	Past Perfect Continuous more...	▪ Past continuous actions	▪ When their parents arrived, theywere already playing.
I will play	Future simple more...	▪ Predictions ▪ Spontaneous decisions or offers	▪ Sophie will win the match today. ▪ I'll lend you my tennis racket!
I will be playing	Future continuous	▪ Future continuous actions	▪ Next Saturday they will be playing in another town.
I will have played	Future perfect	▪ Completed future action.	▪ By September, they will have played 12 matches.
I will have been playing	Future perfect continuous	▪ Continuous future action completed at a given time.	▪ At 4 pm Anne and Sophie will have been playing for 2 hours.
I would play	Conditional Simplemore...	▪ Probable action in an imaginary situation	▪ I would play tennis if I had a racket.
I would be playing	Conditional Continuous	▪ Continuous action in an imaginary situation.	▪ Anne would be playing tennis if you came on a Saturday afternoon.
I would have played	Conditional Perfect	▪ Speculating about hypothetical situations in the past.	▪ I would have played yesterdayifyou had asked me.
I would have been playing	Cond. Perfect Continuous	▪ Continuous hypothetical situations.	▪ I would have been playing with Anne if I had won my last match.

English Tenses Timeline Chart

This timeline tenses chart provides a handy reference sheet to English tenses and their relationship to one another and the past, present and future. Conjugated verbs are highlighted in bold. Tenses which are rarely used in everyday conversation are marked by an asterik (*).

		TIMELINE
SIMPLE ACTIVE	SIMPLE PASSIVE		PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS ACTIVE	PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS PASSIVE
		PAST TIME ^ \| \| \| \|
She had already eatenwhen I arrived.	The painting had been sold twice before it was destroyed.	^ \| PAST PERFECT \| \|	I had been waitingfor four hours when he finally arrived.	The house had been being painted for over a month before they began to decorate the interior. *
I bought a new car last week.	The book was writtenin 1876 by Frank Smith.	^ \| PAST \| \|	I was watching TVwhen she arrived.	The problem was being solved when I arrived late for class.
She has lived in California for many years.	The company has been managed by Fred Jones for the last two years.	^ \| PRESENT PERFECT \| \|	She has been working at Johnson's for six months.	The students have been being taught for the last four hours. *
He works five days a week.	Those shoes are made in Italy.	^ \| PRESENT \| \|	I am working at the moment.	The work is being doneby Jim.
		\| \| PRESENT MOMENT \| \|
		\| FUTURE INTENTION \| \| V	They are going to flyto New York tomorrow.	The reports are going to be completed by the marketing department.
The sun will shinetomorrow.	The food will be brought later.	\| FUTURE SIMPLE \| \| V	She will be teachingtomorrow at six o'clock.	The rolls will be being baked at two. *
I will have completed the course by the end of next week.	The project will have been finishedby tomorrow afternoon.	\| FUTURE PERFECT \| \| V	She will have been workinghere for two years by the end of next month.	The house will have been being built for six months by the time they finish. *
		FUTURE TIME \| \| \| \| V

Present Simple

every ... (day)
sometimes
often
usually
seldom

Present Progressive

now
at the moment
Look!
Listen!

Pres. Continuous(future9/be going to

at...
next...

Simple Past

last ...
... ago
yesterday
in 1990

Present Perfect

yet
ever
already
so far
up to now

Future Perfect

by+ time

http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/verbs_tense-revision.htm

MIXED TENSE REVISION 2
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the right tense.
1.- Sam ___________ (talk) on the phone. I’ll tell him you are here.
2.- I _________ (have) several meals at this restaurant this month.
3.- The committee __________ (discuss) the problem at this very
moment.
4.- You _________ (not find) the right answer yet.
5.- My brother __________ (write) a book about Santander.
6.- There _________(be) many car accidents on the road recently.
7.- Mi niece __________ (come) to visit us tomorrow.
8.- My children __________ (play) chess when I _________ (come)
into the room.
9.- Birds _________ (fly) south every winter.
10.- This box is too heavy. I _________ (carry) it for you.
11.- My uncle _________ (give) us a present last month.
12.- The baby __________ (have) a cough for a few days.
Let’s take her to the doctor.
13.- I _________ (know) John since we were children.
14.- If you _________ (hurry), we can catch the bus on time.
15.- When John _________ (wake up), we ________ (tell) him the
news.
16.- What __________ (Ann / do) if she wins the lottery?
17.- If she knew the truth she ___________ (be) angry.
18.- I would have called the police if my car _________ (steal).
19.- If I __________ (be) you, I would take the job.
20.- My sister ___________ (just / phone) me from the airport.
21.- While I __________ (wash) my hair, the telephone __________
(ring).
22.- Most of the young people _________ (leave) the village a long
time ago.
23.- If a plant is watered, it __________ (grow)
24.- If you __________ (lend) me the money now, I would pay you
back later.
25.- A burglar _________ (break) into our house while
we ________ (watch) a football match on TV.
26.- We ____________ (win) the match if we had
practised.
27.- I _________ (have) a party on Saturday. Do you
want to come?
28.- This can’t be right! I __________ (not / believe) it.
29.- The bus leaves at 10.30, so we ___________ (leave) the house
at 8 o’clock.
30.- Kelly ___________ (probably / get) the job.
Answer key
1.- is talking
2.- have had
3.- is discussing
4.- haven’t found
5.- is writing or is going to write
6.- have been
7.- is coming
8.- were playing / came
9.- fly
10.- will carry
11.- gave
12.- has had
13.- have known
14.- hurry
15.- woke up / told
16.- will Ann do
17.- would be
18.- had been stolen
19.- were
20.- has just phoned
21.- was washing / rang
22.- left
23.- grows
24.- lent
25.- broke / were watching
26.- would have won
27.- am having
28.- don’t believe
29.- we will
30.- will probably get

MIXED TENSE REVISION

Complete the sentences with the suitable form of the verbs in
brackets.
1.- If I __________ (find) a good job, I’ll move to Madrid.
2.- He met his wife when he __________ (work) in Brussels.
3.- You can turn off the radio. I ____________ (not
listen) to it.
4.- Where _________ (you / have) dinner yesterday?
5.- This exercise is difficult. I __________ (help) you
to do it.
6.- What ____________ (you / cook) tonight?
7.- ____________ (you / finish) your homework yet?
8.- My father ___________ (go) to the bank. He’ll be back soon.
9.- What __________ (they / do) at 9.00 last night?
10.- It __________ (snow) when we _________ (leave) the library.
11.- I usually __________ (listen) to the news in the car.
12.- My cousin is a writer. He __________ (write) three novels.
13.- Be careful! The baby _________ (put) those keys in
his mouth!
14.- When ______________ (Barack Obama / become)
president of the USA?
15.- My students _____________ (not listen) when I gave
the instructions.
16.- Gonzalo is thirsty! I ___________ (get) him a glass of
water!
17.- If it ___________ (not rain) we’d lie on the beach.
18.- It’s my birthday next week- Don’t worry! I ____________
(not forget) it.
19.- I think it ___________ (rain) this afternoon.
20.- John _________ (speak) to Susan a minute ago.
21.- If you ask him nicely, he _________ (help) you.
22.- Would you like a coffee? No, thanks. I ________
(already / have) four cups today.
23.- ____________ (you /ever / have) an argument
with your parents about clothes.
24.- I’m sure they __________ (lose) the match.
25.- My neighbour has broken his leg. He _________
(not play) tennis this weekend.
26.- If I had the receipt, I __________ (return) these jeans.
27.- What would you like? I __________ (have) some orange juice.
28.- If my brother __________ (not arrive) soon, I’ll send him a text
message.
29..-I __________ (not see) my grandparents since last summer.
30.- If you found a purse, __________ (you / give) it to the teacher?
ANSWER KEY
1.- find
2.- was working
3.- am not listening
4.- did you have
5.- will help
6.- are you going to cook
7.- have you finished
8.- has gone
9.- were they doing
10.- was snowing / left
11.- listen
12.- has written
13.- is putting
14.- did Barack Obama
15.- were listening
16.- will get
17.- didn’t rain
18.- won’t forget
19.- it’s going to rain
20.- spoke
21.- will help
22.- have already had
23.- have you ever had
24.- will lose
25.- is not going to play
26.- would return
27.- will have
28.- doesn’t arrive
29.- haven’t seen
30.- would you give

LIST OF MAIN IRREGULAR VERBS (+ PRONUNCIATION)

http://myverbs.free.fr/es/?page=listeareviser

#	Base verbal	Simple	Participio pasado	Traducción
1	arise	arose	arisen	surgir, levantarse (a-)

2	awake	awoke	awoken	despertarse (a-)

3	be	was	been	ser, estar

4	bear	bore	borne	dar a luz, soportar

5	beat	beat	beaten	vencer, golpear

6	become	became	become	convertirse en, llegar a ser

7	begin	began	begun	comenzar, empezar

8	bend	bent	bent	curvarse, doblar

9	bet	bet	bet	apostar

10	bid	bade	bidden	pujar

11	bind	bound	bound	atar, encuadernar

12	bite	bit	bitten	morder

13	bleed	bled	bled	sangrar

14	blow	blew	blown	soplar, hinchar

15	break	broke	broken	romper

16	breed	bred	bred	criar, alimentar

17	bring	brought	brought	traer, llevar

18	build	built	built	construir, edificar

19	burn	burnt	burnt	quemar, arder

20	burst	burst	burst	reventar, estallar

21	buy	bought	bought	comprar

22	cast	cast	cast	arrojar, tirar (c-)

23	catch	caught	caught	coger

24	choose	chose	chosen	escoger, elegir

25	cling	clung	clung	agarrarse, aferrarse

26	come	came	come	venir

27	cost	cost	cost	costar

28	creep	crept	crept	arrastrarse

29	cut	cut	cut	cortar

30	deal	dealt	dealt	tratar

31	dig	dug	dug	cavar

32	do	did	done	hacer

33	draw	drew	drawn	dibujar, pintar

34	dream	dreamt	dreamt	soñar

35	drink	drank	drunk	beber

36	drive	drove	driven	conducir

37	eat	ate	eaten	comer

38	fall	fell	fallen	caer(se)

39	feed	fed	fed	alimentar

40	feel	felt	felt	sentir

41	fight	fought	fought	luchar

42	find	found	found	encontrar

43	flee	fled	fled	huir

44	fling	flung	flung	lancer

45	fly	flew	flown	volar

46	forbid	forbade	forbidden	prohibir

47	foresee	foresaw	foreseen	prever

48	forget	forgot	forgotten	olvidar

49	forgive	forgave	forgiven	perdonar

50	freeze	froze	frozen	helar, congelar

51	get	got	got	conseguir, lograr, obtener

52	give	gave	given	dar

53	go	went	gone	ir

54	grind	ground	ground	moler

55	grow	grew	grown	crecer

56	hang	hung	hung	colgar

57	have	had	had	tener, haber

58	hear	heard	heard	oír

59	hide	hid	hidden	esconder, esconderse

60	hit	hit	hit	golpear (h)

61	hold	held	held	agarrar, coger

62	hurt	hurt	hurt	herir, dañar

63	keep	kept	kept	guardar, mantener

64	kneel	knelt	knelt	arrodillarse

65	knit	knit	knit	hacer punto

66	know	knew	known	conocer, saber

67	lay	laid	laid	poner

68	lead	led	led	conducir, dirigir

69	lean	leant	leant	apoyarse

70	leap	leapt	leapt	brincar

71	learn	learnt	learnt	aprender

72	leave	left	left	dejar

73	lend	lent	lent	prestar

74	let	let	let	dejar, permitir

75	lie	lay	lain	echarse

76	light	lit	lit	encender

77	lose	lost	lost	perder

78	make	made	made	hacer, fabricar

79	mean	meant	meant	significar

80	meet	met	met	conocerse por primera vez, encontrarse

81	mistake	mistook	mistaken	errar, equivocarse

82	mow	mowed	mown	segar

83	overcome	overcame	overcome	vencer

84	pay	paid	paid	pagar

85	put	put	put	poner

86	quit	quit	quit	salir, parar (q)

87	read	read	read	leer

88	rend	rent	rent	rasgar, alquilar

89	ride	rode	ridden	conducir, montar

90	ring	rang	rung	llamar (al timbre o por teléfono)

91	rise	rose	risen	elevarse, levantarse (r-)

92	run	ran	run	correr

93	saw	sawed	sawn	serrar

94	say	said	said	decir

95	see	saw	seen	ver

96	seek	sought	sought	buscar

97	sell	sold	sold	vender

98	send	sent	sent	enviar

99	set	set	set	poner (se)

100	sew	sewed	sewn	coser

101	shake	shook	shaken	sacudir

102	shear	sheared	shorn	esquilar

103	shed	shed	shed	perder (hojas)

104	shine	shone	shone	brillar

105	shoe	shod	shod	herrar

106	shoot	shot	shot	disparar

107	show	showed	shown	enseñar, mostrar

108	shrink	shrank	shrunk	encoger/se

109	shut	shut	shut	cerrar

110	sing	sang	sung	cantar

111	sink	sank	sunk	hundirse

112	sit	sat	sat	sentar/se

113	sleep	slept	slept	dormir

114	slide	slid	slid	deslizarse, resbalar

115	sling	slung	slung	lanzar (con fuerza)

116	smell	smelt	smelt	oler

117	sow	sowed	sown	sembrar

118	speak	spoke	spoken	hablar

119	speed	sped	sped	acelerar

120	spell	spelt	spelt	deletrear

121	spend	spent	spent	gastar

122	spill	spilt	spilt	derramar

123	spin	spun	spun	hilar

124	spit	spat	spat	escupir

125	split	split	split	hender, partir, rajar

126	spoil	spoilt	spoilt	estropear

127	spread	spread	spread	extender

128	spring	sprang	sprung	saltar

129	stand	stood	stood	estar de pie

130	steal	stole	stolen	robar

131	stick	stuck	stuck	pegar, engomar

132	sting	stung	stung	picar

133	stink	stank	stunk	apestar

134	strew	strewed	strewn	diseminar

135	stride	strode	stridden	dar zancadas

136	strike	struck	struck	golpear (s)

137	swear	swore	sworn	jurar

138	sweep	swept	swept	barrer

139	swell	swelled	swollen	hincharse

140	swim	swam	swum	nadar

141	swing	swung	swung	columpiarse

142	take	took	taken	coger

143	teach	taught	taught	enseñar, educar

144	tear	tore	torn	rasgar

145	tell	told	told	contar, explicar

146	think	thought	thought	pensar

147	throw	threw	thrown	arrojar, tirar

148	thrust	thrust	thrust	introducir

149	tread	trod	trodden	pisar, hollar

150	undergo	underwent	undergone	sufrir

151	understand	understood	understood	entender, comprender

152	undertake	undertook	undertaken	emprender

153	upset	upset	upset	volcar, trastornar

154	wake	woke	woken	despertar(se) (w-) (up)

155	wear	wore	worn	llevar puesto, usar

156	weave	wove	woven	tejer

157	weep	wept	wept	sollozar

158	win	won	won	ganar

159	wind	wound	wound	enrollar

160	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	retirarse

161	wring	wrung	wrung	torcer

162	write	wrote	written	escribir

MORE GRAMMAR ABOUT TENSES

http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/grammar/tenses/getting_the_right_tense/factsheet.shtml

NEGATIVE PREFIXES

http://hum.ku.ac.th/learn/learnenglishthroughsong/BackAtOne/prefix.html

EXERCISES

PRESENT

http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-present.asp

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-progressive-1

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-progressive-2

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-progressive-3

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/simple-present-1

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/simple-present-2

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/simple-present-3

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs1.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs2.htm

FUTURE

http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-future.asp
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/page/exercise/simple_future_vs_going_to
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/page/exercise/future_for_predictions_test
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/future-1-will-1
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/future-1-will-2
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/future-1-will-3

http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_futureforms.htm

Future perfect simple & continuous :

http://www.e-grammar.org/future-perfect-simple-continuous/

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.futperf.i.htm

CONDITIONAL

http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-conditional.asp
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/page/exercise/first_or_second_conditional_quiz

MIXED TENSES

http://theenglishcafe.blogspot.com/2009/11/exercise-mixed-tenses.html

http://www.scribd.com/doc/526198/Verb-tenses-exercises
http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-tenses.asp

http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg_mixedtenses1.pdf
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg_mixedtenses2.pdf
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg_mixedtenses3.pdf
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg_mixedtenses4.pdf
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg_mixedtenses5.pdf
http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?doapushup
http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?sing_a_song
http://www.englishclub.com/esl-quizzes/grammar-5-tenses.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/london-dungeon
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/language-course
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/james-cook
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/bewleys
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/mix-2
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/mix-3
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/mix-4
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/page/visualtests/1
http://www.eslmonster.com/test/mixed-verb-tenses-exercise
http://www.eslmonster.com/test/mixed-verb-tenses-exercise
http://www.eslmonster.com/test/mixed-verb-tenses-exercise3
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/exercises/301.html
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/exercises/302.html
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/exercises/303.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs1.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs2.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs3.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs4.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs7.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs8.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs9.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs10.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs11.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs12.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs13.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs14.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs15.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs16.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs17.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs18.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs19.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs20.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs21.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs22.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs23.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs24.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs25.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs26.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs27.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs28.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs29practicetest.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs30finaltest.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_grammar.htm

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/httpdocs/grammar/2bch.html

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/mix-4

http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/verbs_tense-revision.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html

http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-tenses.asp

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/zeitformen.htm

http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/page/exercises

http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/headway/advanced/a_grammar/unit02/hwy_adv_unit02_1/

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseexercises.html
http://platea.pntic.mec.es/curso20/5_edicionhtml/2008/12/docs/TENSE%20REVISION%20EXERCISES.pdf

http://www.eslprintables.com/

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html

SO/SUCH/TOO/ENOUGH

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2483

http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson17/05.html

http://valmeenglishcorner.blogspot.com/2010/02/so-such-too-enough-i.html

UNIT 1

RELATIVE CLAUSES

GRAMMAR & EXERCISES

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/httpdocs/gramatica/relatives1.html

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.relative.i.htm

http://www.autoenglish.org/generalgrammar/gr.relative.i.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns.htm

http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/relative1q.html

http://www.xtec.es/~ogodoy/sac/rephrasing/relclex1.htm

UNIT 2

MODAL VERBS

MEANING	TIME REFERENCE
MEANING	PRESENT / FUTURE	PAST
Ability	can	could
		was / were able to
		managed to
Possibility	may, might, could	would/might/could + have + pp (didn't actually happen)
Possibility	may, might, could	may/might/could + have + pp (don't know whether it happened or not)
Probability	will	---
Certainty	must, can't	must / can't + have + pp
Obligation	must, have to	had to
Necessity	have to, need to, need	had to / didn't have to
		didn't need to
		needn't have + pp
Advice	should, ought to, had better	should /ought to + have + pp (regret)
Requests	can, could	---
Requests	Would you mind + -ing ...?	---
Permission	can, could, may	---
Permission	Do you mind if I ...?	---
Offers	Shall I ...?	---
Suggestions	Shall we ...?	---
	Let's + V
	How about + -ing ...?
	Why don't we ...?

http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal2.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal3.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal4.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal5.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal6.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal7.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal8.htm
http://www.inglesmundial.com/B12/grammar.htm
http://english.baladre.org/sedaviwebfront/hadbetter.htm
http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm
http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/4g3-modals-deduction-exercise.php
http://www.eflworksheets.com/onlineexercises/elementary/grammar/obligation1.htm
http://www.aulafacil.com/CursoIngles/Ejercicios43.htm
http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g8-must-have-to-difference.php
http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g9-mustnt-dont-have-to-difference.php
http://www.english-zone.com/verbs/can-cant.html
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/could/exercise4.swf
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/wish1.htm
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/wishes.htm
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/wish2.htm
http://www.nonstopenglish.com/lang/es/exercise.asp?exid=917
http://www.nonstopenglish.com/lang/es/exercise.asp?exid=914
http://www.english-4u.de/modal_verbs_ex1.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/modal_verbs_ex2.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/modal_verbs_ex3.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/modal_verbs_ex4.htm

UNIT 3

THE PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVE HAVE

PASSIVE VOICE

Grammar

1) A passive verb form is a form of BE + past participle.
2) When the subject is the person or thing doing the action (the agent) we use an active verb. When the subject is not the agent, then the verb is passive:
Columbus discovered America - America was discovered by Columbus
3) In a passive sentence, when we want to say who or what did the action, we use BY:
They were questioned by the police
4) We do not mention the agent when:
- the agent does not add any new information - the agent is not important - it is difficult to say who the agent is
5) We can use empty subjects (you, they, people, someone) instead of the passive, especially in conversation:
A new theatre is being opened - They are opening a new theatre
6) We use the passive both in speech and writing, but it is more common in writing. We use it to describe activities in industry, science and technology (processes), official rules and news reports.
7) We sometimes use GET in the passive rather than BE, mainly in informal English, to emphazise change. We often use it for something happening by accident, unexpectedly or in an unplanned way:
Our car got damaged on our way home.
We also use GET in idiomatic expressions like get dressed/married...

Special Passive Patterns
1) In an active sentence a verb of giving can have two different patterns after it:
She gave us a present / She gave a present to us.
Both "us" (but using the subject pronoun) and "a present" can be the subject of a passive sentence. It is quite normal in English for the person receiving something to be the subject in a passive sentence. Verbs in this pattern are:give, send, pay, lend, hand, sell, promise, show, offer, teach, owe, award, grant, allow, leave (in a will) and feed.
2) We can use a special pattern with verbs of reporting when we do not need to know who is doing the reporting:
People say taxes will increase - It is said that taxes will increase
We often use this pattern with IT + BE + SAID (THAT) ... in news reports. Verbs in this pattern are: say, report, mention, announce, think, believe, understand, agree, decide, know, find, expect, hope, regret, fear, intend and arrange.
3) We can also use a pattern with an infinitive:
People said he would win a prize - He was said to win a prize People said he won a prize - He was said to have won a prize People said he was planning a new scheme - He was said to be planning a new schem
n this pattern we can use: say, report, think, believe, understand, know, find, expect and intend.	I

4) HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE: We use HAVE or GET (more informal) in a passive pattern which means to arrange for someone to do something for you as a professional service:

Both have and get are ordinary verbs, so they can have an auxiliary when necessary:

When did you have/get your house painted?

We can use have in this pattern with the meaning "experience something", often something unpleasant:

We had our house broken into.

5) TO BE DONE and BEING DONE:

a) Some verbs take a to-infinitive (want to do...) and some take an -ing form (enjoy doing...). After a preposition we use an -ing form (interested in doing...). The to-infinitive or -ing form can be active or passive:

I want to meet them at the airport - I want to be met at the airport
I don't like people laughing at me - I don't like being laughed at

b) Active forms with passive meaning:

- The active form after need has a passive meaning:

The roof needs repairing - The roof needs to be repaired

- We sometimes use an active infinitive to refer to jobs to be done:

I've got some letters to write

- If the subject is not the person doing the job, then we use a passive infinitive:

These letters are to be sent.

- After the subject there we can use either an active or a passive infinitive:

There are some letters to send / There are some letters to be sent.

GRAMMAR LINKS

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omgrammar/vozpasiva.htm

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/passivevoice.html

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/passivevoice.html

http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/3g3-get-passive.php

http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$22

http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_passive1.htm

+ DIFFICULT

http://www.scribd.com/doc/3546268/Active-and-Passive-Voice-Exercises

http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/passive4.htm

http://www.nonstopenglish.com/allexercises/Grammar/Grammar-passive_voice.asp (+ 10 EXERCISES)

http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/3g8-passive-verb-patterns.php
http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/passive1.php

http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/active-passive.html
http://www.ilv.ucl.ac.be/gramlink-an/exercices/passif/passif03.htm
http://cerezo.pntic.mec.es/~egome24/PASSIVE.htm
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive1.html

http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive2.html

http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive3.html
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive4.html
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive5.html
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/passive6.html

READINGS

http://netgrammar.altec.org/Units/Unit_9/a101c9_401000.html
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/reading/dog.htm

http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/active-voice-versus-passive-voice.aspx

LISTENINGS

http://netgrammar.altec.org/Units/Unit_9/a101c9_301000.html

HAVING THINGS DONE/MANDAR HACER ALGO

THE CAUSATIVE: HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

Have /get + objeto + participio pasado = I have /get my watch mended

A. Se usa un verbo causativo para expresar las acciones que encargamos a alguien.

She always has her food delivered (en lugar de traerla ella, pide a alguien que se la traiga)

I got my phtograph taken for my passport (otra persona me hizo la foto)

Esta estructura tiene un significado pasivo, puesto que el sustantivo que va en medio recibe la acción expresada por el verbo en participio.

Nota:

a) get también indica que el objeto realiza personalmente la acción o se implica mucho en su ejecución.

When I get my homework done, I’ll match TV

b) have es un poco más formal que get y get es más frecuente que have en la forma imperativa.Example: Get your bedroom tidied at once!

Nótese la diferencia entre:

a) I’m going to have/get this chair restored

b) I’m going to restore this chair
En la frase a) yo voy a llevar la silla a alguien para que efectúe la restauración, mientras que en la b) soy yo mismo quien la efectúa.

B. Si quisiéramos mencionar quién hace la acción, podríamos añadir by + el agente al final de la frase.

Susan had her car repaired by a mechanic (Susan llevó el coche a un mecánico para que se lo arreglara)

C. El verbo causativo puede usarse prácticamente en cualquier tiempo, incluso en las formas continuas.

We’re having our house painted this week

Jack will be getting his messages sent by e-mail from now on

TENSE	HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
Present Simple	I have/get my hair cut.
Past Simple	I had/got my hair cut.
Present Continuous	I'm having/getting my hair cut.
Past Continuous	I was having/getting my hair cut.
Present Perfect	I have had my hair cut.
Past Perfect	I had had my hair cut.
will	I will have my hair cut.
must	I must have my hair cut.
be going to	I'm going to have my hair cut.

D. La interrogativa y la negativa se forman como las de cualquier otro verbo

Do you have your car serviced regularly?

Did he get his house redecorated last week?

You won’t have your eyes tested next week

I’m not getting my hair cut today.

E. En situaciones en las que se quiere indicar que algo desagradable ha ocurrido en el pasado se suele usar have + objeto + participio

He had his car broken last week

I had my finger bitten during the fight

She had his mobile phone stolen while she was playing in the playground

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/participles/exercises?08

http://www.eoioviedo.org/anacarmen/passive/causative%20verbs.pdf

http://www.english4all.pro.br/intermhavegetdone.htm

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/httpdocs/exercises/bch2/2bch2009/huesorph2bch1.htm

UNIT 4

IF-CLAUSES

	IF-CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	MEANING
General conditions ("Zero" Conditional)	Simple present	Simple present	General laws; things that are always true
Possible conditions (1st Conditional)	Simple present	WILL + V (also CAN, MAY, MUST & imperatives)	Probable future result
Hypothetical conditions (2nd Conmditional)	Simple past	WOULD + V (also COULD / MIGHT)	Imaginary situation in the present or future
Impossible conditions (3rd Conditional)	Past Perfect	WOULD HAVE + pp (also COULD / MIGHT)	Imaginary situation in the past
*UNLESS* can be used with the meaning "IF ... NOT" in general and possible conditions only.

Other structures

As long as, providing (or provided that) and on condition: these expressions meanonlyifand can be used with the same verb forms as conditional sentences:
In Spain you can drive a car as long as you are 18
Inversion of subject and verb: this structure is very common in formal English in conditional sentences with should and the past perfect. When inversion is used, we omit if:

Had I known about the transport strike, I would have taken my car.

Should you meet Sheila, tell her the meeting has been postponed.

GRAMMAR LINKS / GRAMÁTICA DE FRASES DE CONDICIONAL (IF-CLAUSES)

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm

http://www.kfmaas.de/gram_if.html

http://www.scribd.com/doc/4785983/Aulas-09-e-10-if-Clauses-Conditionals

EXERCISES

EASY

ZERO TYPE

http://www.nspeak.com/newbasic/grammatica/condizionalezero.htm

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/type0/exercise1.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/type0/exercise2.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/type0/exercise3.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/type0/exercise4.html

TYPE 1

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/menu.php

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/exercise1.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/exercise2.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/exercise3.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/exercise4.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/firstconditional/exercise5.swf

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1/exercises

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1/exercises?02

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-1

TYPE 2

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/secondconditional/menu.php

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/secondconditional/exercise1.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/secondconditional/exercise2.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/secondconditional/exercise3.html

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/secondconditional/exercise4.html

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-2/exercises

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-2/exercises?02

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-2

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-4

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?03

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exceptions/exercises?04

TYPE 3

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/menu.php

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/exercise1.html

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/exercise2.html

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/exercise3.html

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/exercise4.html

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/exercise5.html

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-

3/exercises

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-3/exercises?02

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-4

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?04

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exceptions/exercises?05

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?06

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?05

MORE DIFFICULT (MIXED)

http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/conditional/conditionals01.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional1.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional2.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional3.htm

http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/conditional/conditionals2.htm

http://ingles.iesboliches.org/activities/grammar/conditional/conditionals3.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional4.htm

http://http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional6.htm

www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional5.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional7.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional8.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional9.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional10.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional11.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditional12.htm

INVERSION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (ADVANCED LEVEL)

In formal English conditional sentences can be formed by inversion of subject and auxiliary. Also, if is removed.

Consider these examples:

Unreal present

Were I you, I would visit my grandfather.

Unreal past

In formal English conditional sentences can be formed by inversion of subject and auxiliary. Also, if is removed.

Consider these examples:

Unreal present

Were I you, I would visit my grandfather.

Unreal past

Had I known this fact before, I wouldn't have come here.
Had Jake been informed about the meeting, he would have participated.

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

Grammar theory -

Conditional clauses, describe the condition upon which the action in the main clause depends. Their basic structure is the following:

If…………then………………..

Different types of conditional will depend on how possible is that expressed in the conditional clause.

Type 0- neutral type

Here if could be replaced by when and the resulting sentence would be:

'When it was very cold, we switched on the heating.'

IF	PRESENT (or same tense)	PRESENT (or same tense
If	It is very cold/it was very cold	We switch/switched on the heating

Type I- open condition

What happens in the main clause may or may not happen, depending on the conditional cluse

IF	PRESENT	FUTURE, IMPERATIVE, CAN, MAY
If	You want to lose weight,	You will probably be hungry
If	You see her,	Tell her to give me a ring

IMPERATIVE	"AND"/"OR"	FUTURE
Keep working like that	And	You will have an accident
Please sit down	Or	You won't see the show.

Something that may happen is seen as depending on chance or highly improbable.

IF	SHOULD	FUTURE and IMPERATIVE
If	You should find this can difficult to open,	Return to the shop
SHOULD + subject + verb		FUTURE and IMPERATIVE
Should you find my keyholder,		You will telephone me immediately Telephone me immediately

Type 2- hypothetical but possible condition

The main clause depends on an imaginary non fact in the if-clause, expressed by past tenses

IF	PAST	CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
If	You bought a car	You would spend money on fuel You could drive your friends around

It is less likely that the action in the conditional takes place.

IF	"WERE TO"	CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
If	You were to meet Mr James,	You could see that he's a nasty little guy
WERE + SUBJECT + TO INFINITIVE		CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
Were you to find walking difficult,		You could try the easy way up.

Type 3- hypothetical but unreal condition

What is said in the main clause is an imaginary consequence of something that that didn't happen

IF	PAST PERFECT	PERFECT CONDITIONAL
If	We had followed his advices	We would have found a house near the river

IF	PAST PERFECT	COULD or MIGHT HAVE
If	You had told me before	I could have got you the tickets

Summary of inversions in the conditional sentences

In type 1

"SHOULD" INVERTED	FUTURE or IMPERATIVE
Should my mother call me	Tell her I'm not feeling too well

In type 2

"WERE TO" INVERTED	CONDITIONAL
Were they to arrive tomorrow	We would have to buy some food

In type 3

PAST PERFECT INVERTED	PERFECT CONDITIONAL
Had you seen what I saw	you would have also believed it

Other expressions used in conditional clauses:

UNLESS " Si no…" "A menos que..."	You won't finish the race unless you control your effort.
"WHETHER…OR NOT" "Tanto….como si no "	Whether you pay or not, you won't get in without an invitation.
"ON CONDITION THAT" "PROVIDED THAT" "PROVIDING THAT" "SO LONG AS" "AS LONG AS "Siempre que, en tanto que, con la condición de que,...etc "ASSUMING THAT" "SUPPOSING THAT" "SUPPOSE THAT" "Suponiendo que.."	"I will only tell my age on condition that you tell yours." "What would you do supposing that you were given the chance to see the future ?" "Assuming that it's fine tomorrow, we'll go for a swim"

Exercise 1

MIXED CONDITIONALS (3)

1.If I _________________ (be) rich enough to buy a desert island, I ___________(not build) many houses, or wildlife _________________.(disappear)

2. It is a pity the owner of that Picasso didn't want to sell, because if she _______________ (want) to put up the picture for sale, I _________________ (buy) it.

3. If my mother _________________ (come) to see our new house, we _____________ (have) to have our windows repaired.

4. You _________________(can) watch English TV unless you _________________ (buy) a satellite dish. If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________(buy) one.

5. I'm sure some people in the institute _________________ (wear) jeans even if they _________________ (live) under the water.

Exercise 2

MIXED CONDITIONAL (4)

1. If you ____________________ (have) anything to say to me, please ____________________ (tell) me quick.

2. I would have asked for another set if you ____________________ (give) me the money.

3. ____________________ children start bothering you, please ____________________ (call) the teacher.

4. Drive faster and you ____________________ (have) an accident.

5. If I ____________________ what was going to happen, I ____________________ the club.

6. If he ____________________ (be) on his knees today, maybe I ____________________ (marry) him.

7. You ____________________(can) to pass your driving test, provided that you

____________________(keep) calm.

8.What ____________________ you ____________________ (do) if you ____________________ (find)a bag containing a lot of money ?

9. I ____________________ (tell) you on conditon that you ____________________ (not tell) anybody.

10. Something horrible ____________________ ( happen)if I ____________________ (not turn) off the gas

Exercise 3

Rewrite these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. If you gave me 1000€ I still ____________(not go) into a coal mine.(Even if)

Even if you gave me 1000€ I wouldn't go into a coal mine.

2 I (lend) you my book if you let me have it back by Monday. (on (the) condition (that))

____________________________________________________________

3 If you look after it, I (let) you keep my bicycle till the weekend. (providing (that))

______________________________________________________

4 If you (not tell) anyone else, I'll tell you what happened. (so long as)

______________________________________________________

5 If it (be) a holiday on Monday, we can drive to the seaside. (assuming (that))

______________________________________________________

6 The children were never scolded if they (do) what they were told. (so long as)_-

______________________________________________________

exercise 4

Put in the right conditionals.

THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE

Grygori Pilikian recently celebrated his 114th birthday and reporters visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long life. 'The secret of a long life,' Grygori said, 'is happiness. If you (be) 1 __________ happy, you will live a long time.' 'Are you married?' a reporter asked. 'Yes,' Grygori replied. 'I married my third wife when I was 102. If you are happily married, you (live)__________2 for ever. But for my third wife, I __________(die) 3 years ago.' 'What about smoking and drinking?' a reporter asked. 'Yes, they are important,' Grygori said. 'Don't smoke at all and you (feel)__________ 4 well. Drink two glasses of wine a day and you__________ (be) 5 healthy and happy.' 'If you_________ (can/live) B your life again, what (you/do) 7__________?' a reporter asked. 'I would do what I have done. If I had had more sense, I __________(eat) 8 more yoghourt!' he chuckled. 'Supposing you __________(can/change) 9 one thing in your life what you/change)__________ 1O ?' another reporter asked. 'Not much,' Grygori replied. 'So you don't have anyregrets?' 'Yes, I have one regret,' Grygori replied. 'If I (know) 11__________ I was going to live so long, I__________(look after) 12 myself better!'

UNIT 4 RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining Relative Clauses

They describe the preceding noun and give essential information about the noun. They are introduced by a relative pronoun which can be replaced by THAT or even omitted (except when the relative pronoun is subject of the clause or is in the possessive case). They are not separated by commas.


possessive	WHOSE	The film is about a man WHOSE children are kidnapped
Things as:
subject	WHICH / THAT	The cup WHICH / THAT is on the table is full of sugar
object (of a verb)	WHICH / THAT / --	The cup (WHICH / THAT) I bought in Venice is on the table
object (of a preposition)	WHICH / THAT / --	The novel (WHICH / THAT) you talked ABOUT is very good
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause.
possessive	WHOSE	Living in a house WHOSE walls were made of glass would be horrible

Notice also that:

- when usually replaces in/on which (time)
- where usually replaces in/at which (place)
- why usually replaces for which (reason)

When, where and why used in this way are called relative adverbs, and can be omitted in the same way as relative pronouns.

Non-defining Relative Clauses

They are placed after nouns which are definite already; therefore, the information they add to the noun is not essential. They are always introduced by a relative pronoun which cannot be replaced by THAT and they are separated by commas.

subject	WHO	John, WHO is going to marry Jill soon, is an engineer
object (of a verb)	WHO (WHOM)	Peter, WHO everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent
object (of a preposition)	WHO (WHOM)	She asked Paul, WHO she worked FOR, to give her a holiday
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause. If the clause contains an expression of time or place, this will remain at the end: Peter, WHO I play tennis WITH on Sundays, is fitter than me
possessive	WHOSE	Alice, WHOSE parents live next to us, is trying to get a job
Things as:
subject	WHICH	I went to Port Aventura, WHICH is a famous park
object (of a verb)	WHICH	Port Aventura, WHICH I have visited on several occasions, is near Tarragona
object (of a preposition)	WHICH	John's house, WHICH we were talking ABOUT just yesterday, has been demolished
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause.Where and when can also introduce non-defining relative clauses: Three years ago I travelled to Austria, WHERE I met my future husband I read lots of books last month, WHEN I had a broken leg
possessive	WHOSE	Living in Barcelona, WHOSE climate is temperate, is a wish many people have

Connective Relative Clauses

They have the same form as non-defining relative clauses. They do not describe a noun but continue the story. They are introduced by who, which and whose, which can be replaced by and or but. They are usually placed after the object of the main verb or after the preposition + noun structure:

I told Jane, WHO said it wasn't her business
(BUT she said it wasn't her business)

We went with John, WHOSE car broke down before we got there
(BUT his car broke down before we got there)

He drank a lot of whisky, WHICH made him ill
(AND it made him ill)

WHICH can also stand for a whole sentence:

They asked me to go away, WHICH was very rude
They said it was his fault, WHICH wasn't true

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Fill in: who - whose - which - where - when

I was on my way to the Odeon Cinema, I wanted to meet my cousin Fred.

I was walking down Richmond Street I heard a loud noise.

A man had crashed into a tree was standing at the corner to Corn Street.

The man, car was badly damaged, was in shock.

I helped him phone his wife, arrived shortly after the call.

My friend Jimmy, is very superstitious, loves lucky charms.

One day Jimmy, room is always an awful mess, decided to do some cleaning.

First he tidied his wardrobe, he found a rabbit´s paw.

He was very excited he came over to my place.

He showed me the rabbit´s paw, was light brown and looked very old.

Last July, we had our house-warming party, Mum invited our friend Peer from Norway.

Peer arrived at Stanstead Airport, we picked him up two days before the party.

Peer, had never been to England before, was very excited.

Peer´s suitcases, were huge, didn´t fit into the car.

Peer, suitcases had to take a taxi, was very upset.

I spent a year in Australia I was only 23 years old.

My first stop was Melbourne, I have friends.

Peter and Kate, are both teachers, showed me around.

One day we went to the aquarium, was awesome!

Peter, band is pretty cool, plays the double bass.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS and ADVERBS!

A) Complete the sentences with WHO or WHICH

1) Who's te young lady is standing out there?

2) An atlas is a bookis full of different maps.

3) The teenagers are queuing want tickets for next's week concert.

4) What was the name of the man discovered Machu Pichu?

5) A compass is a device shows direction.

6) Shakespeare was a British writerwrote Romeo and Juliet.

7) Penguins are birds cannot fly.

8) Lady Di was the Welsh princess died in a terrible car accident.

9) Henri Becquerel was the scientist discovered X-rays.

B) Complete using WHO, WHICH, THAT,WHOSE or WHERE.

1) A kangaroo is an animal lives in Australia.

2) In 1998 I travelled to Paris, I met my husband.

3) Marie Curie, was born in Poland in 1867, was a scientist.

4) Karen, surname is Johnson, is a beautiful model.

5) Van Gogh was a painter paintings are worldwide.

6) A camel is an animal lives in the desert.

7) Radium is a metal shines in the dark.

8) That is the girlbrother is a famous footballer.

9) He lived in New York, he worked for the New York Times.

10) The Coliseum was an amphitheatre Romans enjoyed plays, chariot races and gladiator fights many centuries ago.

MORE EXERCISES AT...

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses

http://www.xtec.es/~ogodoy/sac/rephrasing/relclex1.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/exercise.asp?id=6084

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.relative.p.htm

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Thursday, 7 July 2011

1ST BACHILLERATO Units 0 to 4

English Tenses Timeline Chart

TIMELINE

RELATIVE PRONOUNS and ADVERBS!

A) Complete the sentences with WHO or WHICH

B) Complete using WHO, WHICH, THAT,WHOSE or WHERE.

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